Books to Read
Books to Read
If you enjoy learning what makes things work, you will find more books
to read. A few of them are listed here. Your school or public library
will have many more.
Science Magic: Scientific Experiments for Young Children by Alison
Alexander and Susie Bower (Simon & Schuster, 1987)
Use heat to make a fountain and water to make a rainbow—just two of
the experiments about light, heat, and sound in this book.
Ages 5-8
Experiments with Heat by Walter Oleksy (Children’s Press, 1986)
Doing experiments will help you understand what heat is, how it travels,
and how some materials change when they gain or lose heat.
Experiments with Light by Ray Broekel (Children’s Press, 1986)
Can light rays bounce? Can light break apart? Do the experiments in this
book to find out.
Experiments with Magnets by Helen J.
Chailand (Children’s Press, 1986) Through experiments, find out what a
magnet is and what it can do.
Gravity Is a Mystery by Franklyn M.
Branley (Crowell, 1986)
Nobody knows what gravity is—but reading this book will help you
understand what gravity does.
Locks and Keys by Gail Gibbons (Crowell, 1980)
What happens when you turn the key?
This author tells about the history of locks from early times and shows
how different kinds of locks work.
Mirror Magic by Seymour Simon (Lothrop, Lee & Shepard, 1980)
Can you see yourself in a mirror as others see you? When and how can a
mirror trick you? Take a close look at mirrors with this book.
Ages 9-12
Aboard a Steam Locomotive: A
Sketchbook by Huck Scarry (Prentice-
Hall, 1987)
Ride in the cab of a steam locomotive with the engineer and fireman!
This book takes you on a ride through space and time to show you how a
steam locomotive works.
Amazing Air by Henry Smith (Lothrop, Lee & Shepard, 1982)
Experiments in this book will help you discover what happens to air when
it heats or cools.
Electricity from Faraday to Solar
Generator by Martin J. Gutnik (Franklin Watts, 1986)
This book tells the story of the scientists and inventors who
contributed to our knowledge of electricity. You’ll learn what
electricity is and how we use it.
Force: The Power Behind Movement by
Eric Laithwaite (Franklin Watts, 1986) Find out how gravity, inertia,
and other forces work with or against each other in simple machines.
How Did We Find Out About Solar
Power? by Isaac Asimov (Walker, 1981) For thousands of years, people
have been trying to harness the sun’s energy. This book tells how we are
applying what we have learned to solve our energy problems today.
How Things Work (National Geographic, 1983)
Find out how radio waves get from the station to you, and what makes
sailplanes, hot-air balloons, and space shuttles stay up—and more.
Light and Lasers by Kathryn Whyman
(Gloucester Press, 1986)
The striking photography and clear diagrams enhance this book about
light. You can also find out how a periscope works and how to make one.
The Light Bulb by Shaaron Cosner
(Walker and Company, 1984) When Thomas Edison was born, electricity was
interesting to scientists in their labs, but not at all useful to the
practical person. Read how Edison’s curiosity and perseverance changed
the world.
Light Fantastic by Philip Watson
(Lothrop, Lee & Shepard, 1983) Experiments in this book focus on the
energy in light, mirror images, color, artificial light, tricks of
light, and light and shadow.
Machines and How They Work by
Harvey Weiss (Thomas Y. Crowell, 1983)
Read about the many uses of each of the six simple machines explained in
this book. In the last chapter, the author shows how you can build
simple machines yourself.
The Magic of Color by Hilda Simon
(Lothrop, Lee and Shepard, 1981) What makes primary colors primary? What
is color blindness? Why does the same color seem different when it has a
different background? Read this book to find out!
The Magic of Sound by Larry Kettelkamp (William Morrow and Company,
1982)
Experiments in this book will help you understand what sound is and how
it can be changed to other forms of energy and captured on recordings.
You can even create a library of sound effects.
Making Things Move by Neil Ardley (Franklin Watts, 1984)
This book is packed with experiments you can do to discover the nature
and effects of gravity, inertia, friction, and other forces.
Nuclear Power by Nigel Hawkes (Gloucester Press, 1984)
This book explains how a nuclear power plant works and the efforts taken
to avoid risks.
Super Motion by Philip Watson (Lothrop, Lee & Shepard,1983)
These experiments explore kinds of motion—and lack of motion. You can
learn about such topics as spinning, vibrations, and balance.
Understanding Energy by Neil Ardley (Silver Burdett, 1985)
Heat energy, light and sound energy, the energy of human muscles—these
are just a few of the topics in this book.
Wheels at Work by Bernie Zubrowski (William Morrow and Company,
1986)
After you build the models of six simple wheel machines described in
this book, you’ll wonder how people ever got along without it.
Wind Power by Mike Cross (Gloucester Press, 1985)
The author uses photographs and diagrams to explain windmills, wave
rafts, and other machines that convert wind power to other forms of
energy.
New Words
Here are some of the words you have met in this book. Many of them may
be new to you, but all of them are used in science. Next to each word
you’ll see how to say the word: absorb (ab [sawrb).]{.smallcaps} The
part shown in capital letters is said a little more loudly than the rest
of the word. One or two sentences under each word tell what the word
means.
absorb (ab [sawrb)]{.smallcaps}
Absorb means \”take in” or \”soak up.” Things get warm when they absorb
heat.
atom (AT uhm)
An atom is the smallest possible bit of an element. All things are made
from atoms. See also element.
axle (AK suhl)
An axle is a rod on which a wheel turns.
carbon (KAHR buhn)
Carbon is an element. Usually it is a crumbly or powdery black material.
Coal is mostly carbon. See also element.
chemical (KEHM uh kuhl) energy Chemical energy is energy given
off when different kinds of matter change or combine. The chemical
energy stored in wood is changed to heat when the wood burns.
compound (KAHM pownd)
A compound is matter made when atoms of two or more different elements
join together. Water is a compound of hydrogen and oxygen. See also
element.
computer (kuhm PYOO tuhr)
A computer is a machine that stores information and uses it to solve
problems and do other jobs.
condense (kuhn DEHNS)
Condense means \”change from a gas to a liquid.” Steam condenses to
water when it cools.
conduct (kuhn DUHKT)
Conduct means \”carry.” Some kinds of matter conduct heat, sound, or
electricity very well.
contract (kuhn TRAKT)
Contract means \”shrink.” When things contract, they take up less space.
current (KL\’R uhnt) electricity
Current electricity is a steady flow of electricity through a wire. See
also static electricity.
cylinder (SIHL uhn duhr)
In an engine, a cylinder is a hollow tube in which the fuel burns. See
also piston.
diaphragm (DY uh fram)
In a camera, the diaphragm is the part that controls the amount of light
that gets to the film. A diaphragm is also a thin sheet of material that
conducts sound.
electromagnet (ih LEHK troh MAG niht) An electromagnet is a magnet
made by sending electricity through a wire wound around a piece of iron.
electron (ih [lehk]{.smallcaps} trahn)
An electron is a tiny part of an atom.
Electrons carry a small amount of electricity.
element (EHL uh muhnt)
An element is matter that contains only one kind of atom. Gold and iron
are elements.
energy (EHN uhr jee)
Energy is anything that can make things work. Heat, light, and
electricity are kinds of energy.
engine (EHN juhn)
An engine is a machine that uses energy to make other machines, or parts
of machines, move or do work, evaporate (ih VAP uh rayt)
Evaporate means \”change from a liquid to a gas.” Water evaporates when
it boils away.
expand (ehk SPAND)
Expand means \”get larger.” When things expand, they take up more space.
filament (FIHL uh muhnt)
A filament is the thin, threadlike wire that gives off light in a
burning light bulb.
focus (FOH kuhs)
Focus means \”meet in a point.” Some lenses make light rays focus.
force (fawrs)
A force is anything that makes objects move or stop moving.
frequency (FREE kwuhn see)
Frequency is how often something happens in a certain amount of time,
such as an hour or a second.
friction (FRIHK shuhn)
Friction is the rubbing created when something moves across or through a
solid, liquid, or gas.
fuel (FYOO uhl)
Fuel is matter that is burned to produce heat or to make machines run.
Coal, oil, and gasoline are fuels.
gas (gas)
Gas is one of the three forms of matter. In a gas, the molecules spread
apart in all directions to fill up space. Air is a gas. See also
liquid; solid, gear (gihr)
A gear is a wheel with teeth on the edge. The teeth can push on the
teeth of another gear to make it move, generator [(jehn]{.smallcaps}
uh ray tuhr)
A generator is a machine that makes electricity.
gravity (GRAV uh tee)
Gravity is the force that pulls things toward the earth.
hologram (HAHL uh gram)
A hologram is a photograph taken with laser light.
hydrogen (HY druh juhn)
Hydrogen is an element. It is a gas with no color or smell. See also
element.
inclined plane (ihn KLYND PLAYN) An inclined plane is a slanted,
flat surface.
inertia (ihn UR shuh)
Inertia is the name given to the way still objects stay still unless an
outside force makes them move, and moving objects keep moving unless an
outside force makes them stop.
infrared (IHN fruh REHD) ray
An infrared ray is like a light ray, but it is invisible and it produces
heat.
insulate (IHN suh layt)
Insulate means \”surround.” Insulated things are surrounded with a
material that keeps energy from moving in or out.
inventor (ihn VEHN tuhr)
An inventor is a person who thinks out and makes new things.
kinetic (kih NEHT ihk) energy
Kinetic energy is the energy things have when they are moving. When a
ball is thrown, it has kinetic energy, laser [(lay]{.smallcaps}
zuhr) beam
A laser beam is a special kind of light. The laser beam is very narrow
and can be very powerful.
lens (lehnz)
A lens is a curved, clear piece of glass or other material like that in
a pair of glasses. A lens bends any light that passes through it.
lever (LEHV uhr)
A lever is a bar used to move a load.
Pushing or pulling one end of the lever makes the load move.
liquid (LIHK wihd)
Liquid is one of the three forms of matter. In a liquid, the molecules
move around each other but do not spread apart in all directions. Water
is a liquid. See also solid; gas.
magnet (MAG niht)
A magnet is a piece of iron, steel, or stone having a force that pulls
on iron or steel.
magnetism (MAG nuh tihz uhm) Magnetism is the force that is in a
magnet.
magnifying (MAG nuh fy ihng) glass
A magnifying glass is a lens that makes things look larger.
matter (MAT uhr)
Matter is what all things are made of.
Matter has weight and takes up space.
See also gas; liquid; solid.
memory (MEHM uhr ee)
The memory is the part of a computer in which information is stored.
microphone (MY kruh fohn)
A microphone is an instrument that changes sounds into electric signals,
microscope (MY kruh skohp)
A microscope is an instrument with lenses that make very small things
look larger.
microwave (MY kroh [wayv)]{.smallcaps}
A microwave is a very short radio wave that produces heat.
mirage (muh RAHZH)
A mirage is a view of an object or scene that is not where it appears to
be.
molecule (MAHL uh kyool)
A molecule is a particle of matter formed when two or more atoms are
joined together. See also atom.
nuclear (NOO klee uhr) energy
Nuclear energy is energy produced by splitting the nucleus of certain
kinds of atoms. See also nucleus.
nucleus (NOO klee uhs)
The nucleus is the heavy center part of an atom.
oxygen (AHK suh juhn)
Oxygen is an element. It is a colorless, odorless gas that is part of
the air.
See also element.
penetrate (PEHN uh trayt)
Penetrate means \”get into or through.” Food cooks when heat penetrates
it.
percussion (puhr KUHSH uhn)
instrument
A percussion instrument is a musical instrument that is played by
striking or hitting it. A drum is a percussion instrument.
perpetual (puhr PEHCH u uhl) motion Perpetual motion is motion
that keeps going forever once it is started.
Perpetual motion cannot actually be created.
photon (FOH tahn)
A photon is a bit of light energy.
piston (PIHS tuhn)
A piston is a metal piece that moves back and forth inside the cylinder
of an engine. See also cylinder.
plastics (PLAS tihks)
Plastics are man-made materials that are easily shaped. They are made
from coal, oil, or other substances.
pole (POHL)
A pole is a part of a magnet where the force is strongest.
potential (puh TEHN shuhl) energy Potential energy is the energy
stored in something that is not yet moving, but that can move.
prism (PRIHZ uhm)
A prism is a clear piece of glass with slanted, flat sides. Light
shining through a prism separates into different colors.
program (PROH gram)
A program is a set of instructions a computer uses to solve problems,
pulley [(pul]{.smallcaps} ee)
A pulley is a wheel with a grooved rim through which a rope or cable
runs. Pulleys are used to lift loads.
radar (RAY dahr)
A radar is an instrument that uses reflected radio waves to locate
unseen planes and other objects.
radioactive (RAY dee oh AK tihv) Radioactive means \”giving off
rays.” Radioactive atoms give off energy as they break apart.
ray (ray)
A ray is a line or beam of energy, such as light or heat.
reflect (rib FLEHKT)
Reflect means \”give back.” A mirror reflects light.
resist (rih ZIHST)
Resist means \”act against.” Some kinds of wire resist the flow of
electricity more than others.
retina (REHT uh nuh)
The retina is the spot at the back of the eye that is sensitive to
light.
satellite (SAT uh lyt)
A satellite is an object that revolves in space around the earth or
another planet.
shutter (SHL\’HT uhr)
In a camera, the shutter is the part that opens and closes to expose the
film to light.
solar (SOH luhr)
Solar means \”of the sun.” Solar energy is energy from the sun.
solid (SAHL ihd)
Solid is one of the three forms of matter. In a solid, the molecules
hold together and do not move freely. Glass is a solid. See also
gas; liquid.
sonar (SOH nahr)
Sonar is an instrument that uses sound to locate underwater objects,
source (sawrs)
A source is a place from which something comes.
static (STAT ihk) electricity
Static electricity is electricity that builds up on a person or object.
Static electricity on a person’s body can cause a shock when metal is
touched. See also current electricity.
stereophonic (STEHR ee uh FAHN ihk) Stereophonic means \”giving
lifelike sound.” Stereophonic sound comes from two or more speakers
placed apart from each other.
supersonic (SOO puhr SAHN ihk) Supersonic means \”faster than sound
travels.” Supersonic planes fly faster than the speed of sound.
telescope (TEHL uh skohp)
A telescope is an instrument that makes faraway things appear closer,
transparent (trans PAIR uhnt)
Transparent means \”easily seen through.” The air and most window glass
are transparent.
tungsten (TUHNG stuhn)
Tungsten is an element. It is a grayish metal that does not melt easily.
See also element.
ultrasound (UHL truh sownd) Ultrasound is sound higher than human
ears can hear.
ultraviolet (UHL truh VY uh liht) ray
An ultraviolet ray is an invisible light wave that causes sunburn.
uranium (yu RAY nee uhm)
Uranium is an element. It is a heavy, radioactive metal. See also
element, radioactive.
valve (valv)
A valve is a moving part that opens and closes a pipe or tube.
vapor (VAY puhr)
A vapor is a gas formed when something is heated. Steam is water vapor.
vibrate [(vy]{.smallcaps} brayt)
Vibrate means \”move back and forth rapidly.” Sounds are made by things
that vibrate.
vocal cords (VOH kuhl KAWRDZ)
Vocal cords are thin pieces of body tissue inside the throat that
vibrate to make voice sounds.
wave (wayv)
A wave is a regular movement of something. Energy travels in waves,
wedge (wehj)
A wedge is a shape with one narrow edge used to cut, split, or push
through something.
X ray (EHKS ray)
An X ray is a very short, invisible wave of energy that can pass through
soft parts of the body.
Illustration acknowledgments
The publishers of Childcraft gratefully acknowledge the courtesy of
the following photographers, agencies, and organizations for
illustrations in this volume. When all the illustrations for a sequence
of pages are from a single source, the inclusive page numbers are given.
In all other instances, the page numbers refer to facing pages, which
are considered as a single unit or spread. The words “(left),”
\”(center),” “(top),\” “(bottom),” and “(right)\” indicate position
on the spread. All illustrations are the exclusive property of the
publishers of Childcraft unless names are marked with an asterisk
(*).
1: Art: Robert Byrd; photography: Childcraft photos
4-5: Stan Smetkowski, Childcraft photo
6-9: Robert Byrd
10-11: Childcraft photo; Jack Wallen
12-13: Robert Byrd
14-15: Childcraft photo
16-17: NASA
18-19: Childcraft photo by Daniel D. Miller
20-21: Robert Byrd
22-23: Stan Smetkowski: Childcraft photo
24-25: Eulala Conner
26-27: David Wiesner
28-29: Bernard Arendt *; Childcraft photo by Gilbert Meyers;
Childcraft photo; Childcraft photo by Daniel D. Miller
30-31: David Wiesner
32-33: Eulala Conner
34-35: Duane Bradford, Black Star *; Edward Pieratt, Black
Star ‘; Sven Samelius *; Sandia National Laboratories *
36-37: Eulala Conner
38-39: (right) David Wiesner
40-41: Childcraft photo by Brent Jones
42-43: Kathy Clo
44-45: David Wiesner
46-51: Christine di Monda
52-53: Christine di Monda; Childcraft photo
54-55: The Kirby Company ‘; Kathy Clo and Brenda Tropinski
56-57: Stan Smetkowski, Childcraft photo
58-59: Robert Byrd
60-61: Childcraft photo; Jack Wallen
62-63: Childcraft photo
64-65: Stella Ormai
66-67: Childcraft photo
68-69: Stella Ormai; Childcraft photo
70-71: Childcraft photo
72-75: Robert Byrd
76-77: Stella Ormai
78-87: Michael Hague
88-89: Michael Hague; Robert Byrd
90-91: Childcraft photo
92-93: Stella Ormai
94-95: Robert Byrd
96-97: Childcraft photo
98-99: Stan Smetkowski, Childcraft photo
100-101: Kathy Clo
102-103: Stella Ormai; Jack Wallen
104-105: Art: Robert Byrd; Childcraft photos
106-109: Stella Ormai
110-111: Childcraft photo by Daniel D. Miller
112-115: Childcraft photo
116-117: Childcraft photo by Daniel D. Miller
118-119: Kathy Clo
120-121: Stan Smetkowski, Childcraft photo
Illustration Acknowledgments \| 313
122-123: Robert Byrd
124-125: Brian Cody
126-127: Childcraft photo
128-129: Robert Byrd; Kathy Clo
130-133: Brian Cody
134-135: Childcraft photo
136-137: Robert Byrd
138-139: Kathy Clo; Childcraft photo
140-141: Brian Cody; Childcraft photo
142-143: Brian Cody
144-145: Childcraft photo
146-147: Kathy Clo
148-155: Kinuko Craft
156-157: Childcraft photo; Robert Byrd
158-159: Childcraft photo
160-161: Stan Smetkowski, Childcraft photo
162-163: Kathy Clo
164-165: Artstreet*
166-169: Childcraft photo
170-171: David Wiesner
172-173: Childcraft photo; Jack Wallen
174-175: Childcraft photo by Daniel D. Miller
176-177: Kathy Clo; Jack Wallen
178-179: Dennis di Cicco *: Stella Ormai
180-181: Childcraft photo; Mark Rosenthal, Van Cleve Photography \”;
Jack Wallen
182-183: David Wiesner; Jack Wallen
184-185: Childcraft photo
186-187: Herbert Matter. BASF Wyandotte Corporation *
188-189: Jack Wallen
190-191: David Wiesner
192-193: © Alistair B. Fraser *
194-195: Eulala Conner
196-201: Friso Henstra
202-203: David Wiesner
204-205: Museum of the Fine Arts Research and Holographic Center
(Childcraft photo)
206-207: Jack Wallen; Gregory Houghton *
208-209: Kathy Clo
210-211: Stan Smetkowski, Childcraft photo
212-213: Eulala Conner
214-215: Stella Ormai
216-217: Eulala Conner; Childcraft photo
218-219: Childcraft photo
220-221: Stella Ormai
222-223: Eulala Conner
224-225: Childcraft photos
226-227: Eulala Conner; Childcraft photo
228-229: Brent Jones *
230-231: Childcraft photo
232-233: Stella Ormai; Kathy Clo
234-235: Eulala Conner; Childcraft photo
236-237: Kathy Clo
238-239: Stan Smetkowski, Childcraft photo
240-241: Robert Byrd
242-245: Stella Ormai
246-247: Childcraft photo; Kathy Clo
248-251: Robert Byrd
252-253: Stella Ormai
254-255: Childcraft photo
256-257: Robert Byrd
258-265: Childcraft photo
266-267: Childcraft photo; Robert Byrd
268-269: Childcraft photo
270-271: Kathy Clo; Childcraft photo
272-273: Robert Byrd
274-275: Childcraft photo by Marshall Berman
276-277: Robert Byrd
278-283: Michael Hague
284-285: Shure Brothers, Inc. (Childcraft photo)
286-287: Stan Smetkowski, Childcraft photo
288-289: Courtesy of Apple Computer Inc. *
290-291: Playskool Inc. (Childcraft photo)
292-293: Childcraft photo by Marshall Berman
294-295: Levesque, Gamma/Liaison *
296-297: © 1981 United Feature Syndicate *
298-299: Milt and Joan Mann *
300-301: Childcraft photo
302-303: Childcraft photo by Brent Jones
304-305: L’Escargot (Childcraft photo)
Cover: Pamela Ford Johnson
Index
This index is an alphabetical list of the important topics covered in
this book. It will help you find information given in both words and
pictures. To help you understand what an entry means, there is often a
helping word in parentheses. For example, cylinder (part of engine).
If there is information in both words and pictures, you will see the
words (with pictures) after the page number. If there is only a
picture, you will see the word (picture) after the page number. If you
do not find what you want in this index, please go to the General Index
in Volume 15, which is a key to all of the books.
air
and friction, 11
and heat, 142-143
and radio signals, 237
and sound waves, 242-243
force of, 18-19
movement of, 20, 42
weight of, 142
project, 145 (with picture)
airplane
how it flies, 20 (with picture)
jet, 292-293 (with picture)
supersonic, 251 (with picture)
airport
and noise pollution, 293
and radar, 299 (with picture)
air traffic controller, 299 (with picture)
animal
and energy, 25
animal, stories about
Hunter in the Darkness, 278-279
(with pictures)
astronaut, 16 (with picture)
atom
and electricity, 212
and elements, 104-105 (with picture)
combinations of, 106, 116-117
energy from, 38-39, 294-295 (with picture)
parts of, 102-103 (with picture)
Austin, Mary (author)
Fire Bringer, The, 148-155 (with pictures)
authors
Austin, Mary, 148-155
Wyss, Johann, 78-88
automobile, see car
ax, 66
axle, 70, 229
see also wheel
balloon
and static electricity, 215
as rocket, 19 (with picture)
hot-air, 142-143 (with picture)
bassoon, 263
bat, 278-283
battery, 34, 234-235 (with picture) and electromagnet, 230-231
(with
picture)
from lemon, 235 (with picture)
in conduction tester, 218-219 (with picture)
beam, laser, see laser beam bicycle brakes, 10 (with
pictures) boiling, 111 (with picture) bongos (drums)
project, 269 (with picture)
brain
hearing, 276
sight 180
brakes, bicycle, 10 (with pictures)
brass instrument (music), 256- 257, 264-265 (with pictures)
burning, 116-117
camera, 182-183 (with picture)
and eye, 205
movie, 296
television, 208-209
camera obscura, 184-185 (with picture)
candle, 162 (with picture)
poem about, 28
can opener, 73
car
horsepower of, 44-45
carbon, 107
in light bulbs, 198-199
in telephone, 236
cartoons, 296-297 (with picture)
chemical energy, 28-29, 40
Chicago (Illinois), 207 (picture)
Ciardi, John (poet)
/ Met a Man I Could Not See, 252
circuit breaker (fuse). 232-233
clarinet, 263
soda-straw, 270 (with picture)
clock, 96-97 (with pictures)
shadow, 172-173 (with pictures)
sound of, 242-243 (with picture)
coal
energy from, 29
coins
trick with, 140-141
cold
and condensation, 112, 115
and mirage, 192
and thermometers, 129-131
color
and light, 186-188 (with picture)
in nature
rainbow, 190
invisible, 190-191
compounds (matter), 104-105 (with pictures)
computer, 288-289 (with picture) condensation, 112 (with
picture), 146-147
experiment, 115
conduction
of electricity, 222-223
of heat, 132-133, 157, 226
project, 158 (with picture)
of sound waves, 244-247
conduction tester
project, 219 (with picture)
conductors, electrical, 219 contraction
in thermometers, 129, 131
controller, air traffic, 299 (with picture)
cooking methods, 304-305 (with picture)
cornea (eye), 181
cornet, 265
coyote
story about, 148-155 (with pictures)
current, electrical, 31
and fuse, 232-233 (with picture)
and generator, 221
and heat, 226
and switch, 222-223 (with picture)
and wire, 216-217 (with picture) in battery, 234-235
in electromagnet, 229
in light bulb, 224-225
current, electrical (continued)
in radio, 237
in telephone, 236-237
cylinder (part of engine), 119
cymbals (musical instrument), 259
doorknob, 73
door opener, 194 (with picture)
Doppler effect, see sound
(change in)
double bass (musical instrument), 261
dragon, 30-31 (picture)
drum, 258 (with picture), 269
(with picture)
earmuffs (noise protector), 275 (with picture)
echo (reflected sound), 252-253
(with picture)
poem about, 252
echolocation, 283
Edison, Thomas (inventor), 196-
201 (with pictures)
egg beater, 89 (picture)
electric eye, 194 (with picture)
electricity, 212-237 (with
pictures)
and musical instruments, 267
energy from, 30-31
from nuclear power, 294-295
in light bulb, 196-201 (with picture)
in television, 209
electric music, 267
electromagnet, 229 (with picture)
in circuit breaker, 233
in record player, 285
in telephone, 237
project, 230-231 (with picture) electrons, 102-103 (with
picture), 188-189
and heat, 226
in electricity, 212, 221, 234
in light bulb, 162-163, 224-225
in static electricity, 214-215
in television set, 209
elements, 104-105 (with pictures)
elevator, 302-303 (with picture)
and electric eye, 194 (with picture)
energy, 24-55, 111
atomic, 38-39, 294-295 (with pictures)
changing, 40-42
chemical, 28-29
energy (continued)
electrical, 30-31, 212
heat, 123, 132-135, 143, 162-163
in laser beam, 202-203
in light bulb, 225
kinetic, 26-27, 53
light, 162-163, 188-191
movement of molecules, 134-135
photons, 163
potential, 26-27, 96-97
sound, 37, 240-285
sources, 24-39 (with pictures), 221
stored, 24-27, 32-33, 96-97
engine
and fuel, 24-25
gasoline, 118-119 (with picture)
horsepower of, 44-45
jet plane, 292-293 (with picture) escalator, 94-95 (with
picture) evaporation, 111 (with picture)
experiment, 115
in refrigerator, 146-147
expansion
in thermometers, 129, 131
experiments
conduction of heat, 158 (with picture)
light, 166-169 (with pictures)
matter, 114-115 (with picture)
movement of molecule, 126-127 (with picture)
static electricity, 215
weight of air, 145 (with picture)
see also projects; trick
eye, animal, 181
eye, electric, 194 (with picture)
eye, human, 180 (with picture)
and movies, 296-297 (with picture)
Faubion, Dorothy (poet)
Hump, the Escalator, 94-95 (with picture)
filament (part of light bulb), 196- 201, 224-225
film, camera, 182-183 (with picture)
fire, 28-29
and energy, 116-117 (with pictures)
story about, 148-155 (with pictures)
fishing industry
using ultrasound, 36-37 (with picture)
flute, 262-263 (with picture)
food
cooking, 304-305 (with picture)
energy from, 24-25, 40
frozen, 300-301 (with pictures)
force, 6 (with picture), 8-9, 12-13
gravity, 16
magnetic, 14-15
freezing, 112, 134
food, 300-301 (with pictures)
French horn, 265
frequency
high and low, 248
vocal cords, 273
friction, 10-11, 13, 71
and heat, 123, 304
fuel
energy in, 28-29
in jet plane, 292
kinds of, 24-25, 31, 39, 295
fulcrum, 61 (with picture)
fuse, electrical, 232-233 (with
picture)
gas, 109, 111, 142
changing to liquid, 114-115 (with picture)
freezing with, 300
from burning wood, 116-117
fuel, 29
hydrogen, 105
in refrigerator, 147
jet plane, 292
oxygen, 105
water vapor, 112
gasoline
energy from, 24-25
engine, 118-119 (with picture)
gears, 89 (with picture)
project, 90-91 (with pictures)
generator, electrical, 34, 221,
glass
as conductor, 158
glasses (vision), 180
glockenspiel (musical
instrument), 258-259
gravity, 16
and satellite, 20-21
and spaceship, 16 (with picture)
guitar, 261
harp, 261
hearing
and noise protection, 274-275 and sound waves, 248, 276-277 echo,
252-253 (with picture)
hearing (continued)
of animals
bat, 278-283
heat, 28-29, 42, 122-158 (with pictures)
and air movement, 142-143
and condensation, 112 (with picture)
and infrared rays, 190-191
and mirage, 192
and molecules, 111
projects, 126-127 (with pictures) and thermometers, 129-131 and water
vapor, 112 and weight of air, 145 changing matter, 116-117 conduction
of, 132-133
energy in ice, 134-135 experiment, 115 from atoms, 39
from electricity, 226 (with picture), 232-233
from sun, 32-33
in engine, 119
lamp, 191
laser, 203
helicopter, paper, 11 (with
picture)
hippopotamus, 77 (picture) hologram, 204-205 (with picture)
horsepower, 44-45 (with picture) houses and shelters
insulation of, 157
solar, 32-33 (with picture)
hydrogen (gas), 105, 107
ice
and heat energy, 134-135
experiment, 114-115 (with picture)
melting, 110-111 (with picture)
trick with, 138-139 (with picture)
inclined plane, 64-65, 69, 88, 94-
95 (with pictures)
Indian, American
stories
Fire Bringer, The, 148-155 (with pictures)
tribes
Paiute (U.S.), 148-155 (with pictures)
inertia, 8-9 (with picture), 20-21
infrared rays, 190-191
insects
as food, 278-283
moth, 282-283 (with picture)
instrument, musical, see musical instrument
insulation
and sound waves, 274-275 (with picture)
heat, 156-157
in electrical wire, 217 (with picture)
jobs
air traffic controller, 299 (with picture)
computer programmer, 289
kinetic energy, 26-27
from water, 53 (with picture)
knife, 66 lamp
electric, see light bulb
oil, 29 (picture)
laser beam, 202-203
and hologram, 205
lemon battery project, 235 (with
picture)
lens, 176-178 (with pictures)
camera, 182-183 (with picture), 205
eye, 180 (with picture)
eyeglasses, 180
water drop lens, 179 (with
picture)
lever, 60-61, 79-81 (with
pictures), 92-93
project, 62-63 (with picture)
light, 162-209 (with pictures)
and holograms, 204-205 (with picture)
and lens, 176-178 (with picture)
and mirage, 192-193
and seeing, 180 (with picture)
beams, 166-169, 186-187 (with pictures)
color of, 186-191 (with pictures)
electric, see light bulb
from burning, 28 (with pictures)
from electricity, 30-31
how camera uses, 182-183 (with pictures)
laser beam, 202-203, 205
waves, 170-171
light bulb, 162-163, 224-225 (with pictures)
and reflection, 164
invention of, 196-201 (with
pictures)
liquid, 109, 115, 134
changing to gas, 111, 147
liquid (continued) freezing with, 301
machine, 58-97 (with pictures), 288-305 (with pictures)
kinds of, 93
atom-splitting, 39
doorknob, 73 (with picture)
drill, 59 (picture)
eggbeater, 58 (with picture)
hammer, 59 (picture)
inclined plane, 64-65 (with picture)
knife, 92
lever, 60-61 (with pictures)
made of other machines,
92-93
needle, 58 (with picture)
pencil sharpener, 73 (with picture)
pliers, 59 (picture)
pulley, 76-77 (with picture)
revolving door, 93
scissors, 58, 92 (with picture) screw, 68-69 (with picture)
screwdriver, 58
sonar, 37
spring, 96-97 (with pictures)
vacuum cleaner, 54-55 (with pictures)
wedge, 66 (with picture)
wheel and axle, 70-71, 73-75
(with pictures)
wheelbarrow, 92
windmill, 34 (with pictures) story about, 78-88
magnet, 14-15 (with picture) electromagnet, 229-231 (with
pictures)
in generator, 221
magnet boat
project, 15 (with picture)
magnifying glass, 177-178 (with picture)
magnifying lens
project, 179 (with picture)
marimba (musical instrument), 258-259
matter, 100-119 (with pictures) and insulation, 156-157
atoms in, 103
changes in, 114-115, 116-117, 118-119 (with pictures), 136- 137
forms of, 109
kinds of. 104-105
poem about, 101
McGowen, Tom (poet)
What’s the Matter?, 101
melting, 111 (with picture), 134- 135
project, 115
memory, computer, 289
metal
as conductor, 158, 219
in battery, 234
in electrical switch, 223
in electrical wire, 217 (with
picture), 226
in fuses, 232 (with picture)
microphone, 237
and stereophonic sound, 277
microscope, 178
microwave oven, 304-305 (with
picture)
mirage, 192-193 (with picture)
mirror, 174-175 (with picture)
experiment with, 169 (with picture)
in telescope, 178
trick with, 206 (with picture)
molecule, 106, 108-109
air and heat, 142
and changes in matter, 111-112 (with pictures)
conduction of heat by, 146-147 conduction of sound by, 244-245 in
microwave oven, 304 in plastics, 290-291
movement of, 111-112, 123, 132- 133
in making heat, 124-125, 226
in steam, 136-137
project with, 126-127 (with picture)
of vinegar, 106 (with picture)
of water, 106 (picture)
of water vapor, 112 rearrangement of, 116-117 tungsten, 225
moon of Earth, 178 (picture) reflecting sunlight, 164 (with
picture)
Mother Goose rhyme, 28, 164
motion, 6-21 (with pictures)
perpetual, 12-13
movie, 296
musical instrument
and sound, 256-273 (with pictures)
bongos (drums), 269 (with picture)
brass, 264-265 (with picture)
electric, 267
percussion instruments, 258-259 (with pictures)
musical instrument (continued) piano, 266 (with picture)
stringed instruments, 260-261
(with picture), 268 (with picture)
wind, 262-263 (with picture)
nail (tool), 66
needle, phonograph, 285
needle, sewing, 66
nerves
work of
in eye, 180
night
and animals’ sight, 181 (with picture)
noise, 274-275 (with picture)
nuclear energy, 38-39 (with
picture), 294-295
nucleus of atom, 39 (with
picture), 103 (with picture)
oil
energy from, 29
origin of, 25
plastics made from, 290 (with pictures)
oven, microwave, 304-305 (with picture)
oxygen (gas), 105, 106
Paiute Indians, legend of, 148-
155 (with pictures)
paper
as conductor, 158
pencil sharpener, 73 (with
picture)
penguin, 128 (with picture)
percussion instrument (music),
256-259, 268-269 (with
pictures)
perpetual motion, 12-13
petroleum, see oil
phonograph
record, 284-285 (with picture)
stereo, 277
photon, 163, 188
in laser, 202-203
piano (musical instrument), 266
(with picture)
piccolo, 263
picnic cooler, 156-157 (with
pictures)
picture
camera, 182-183 (with pictures), 184-185
picture (continued)
hologram, 204-205 (with picture)
pirate, 26-27 (with picture)
piston (part of engine), 119
plane, see airplane
plant
as source of oil, 25
plastics, 290-291 (with pictures)
poems and rhymes
Hump, the Escalator, 94-95 (with picture)
I Met a Man I Could Not See, 252
Little Nancy Etticoat, 28
What\’s the Matter?, 101
poets
Ciardi, John, 252
Faubion, Dorothy, 94-95
McGowen. Tom, 101
poles of magnet, 15
pollution
noise, 293
nuclear, 295
potential energy, 26-27, 96-97
power, measuring of, 44-45
see also energy; force
power plant
electrical, 221
nuclear, 294-295 (with picture)
prism, 187 (with picture)
projector, movie, 296
projects
alligator long-arm lever, 62-63 (with picture)
balloon rocket, 19 (with picture) camera obscura, 184-185 (with
picture)
conduction tester, 219 (with picture)
electromagnet, 230-231 (with picture)
gears, 90-91 (with pictures) helicopter, 11 (with picture) lemon
battery, 235 (with picture) magnet boat, 15 (with picture) musical
instruments, 268-271
(with pictures)
shadow clock, 172-173 (with pictures)
snake-dancer, 42 (with picture) sound waves, 255 (with picture)
thermometer, solid, 130-131 (with
picture)
tin-can telephone, 246-247 (with picture)
water drop lens, 179 (with picture)
wind-skipper, 40-41 (with pictures)
pulley, 76-77, 85 (with picture),
87, 303
pump, water, 34
radar, 299 (with picture)
radiation, dangers of, 295 (with
picture)
radio, 237
stereo, 277
radioactive waste, 295
radio waves
and radar, 299 (with picture)
in microwave oven, 304-305
rainbow, 187, 190
ramp (inclined plane), 65
rays
infrared, 190-191
ultraviolet, 190-191
see also X rays
record, phonograph, 284-285
(with picture)
reed (part of musical instrument), 263
reflection
and mirage, 192-193 (with picture)
in mirror, 174-175 (with picture)
project, 169 (with picture)
of colors, 187
of light, 164 (with picture)
of sound, 252-253
project, 255 (with picture)
refrigerator, 146-147 (with
picture)
resistance in electrical wire, 226
retina, 180
revolving door, 93
riddles, 74-75
rocket balloon
project, 19 (with picture)
safety
and electricity, 232-233
and nuclear energy, 295
sand castle, 102-103 (with
picture)
satellite, artificial
and gravity, 20-21
and laser, 203
saw, 66
scale (weighing), 145 (with picture)
scissors, 66, 92 (with picture)
screw, 68-69 (with picture), 87-88 (with pictures)
seesaw, 60-61 (with picture)
shadow, 170-171 (with picture) in X rays, 209
shadow clock, 172-173 (with pictures)
shapes of matter, 109
shock wave, 251 (with picture)
sight
and mirage, 192-193 (with picture)
of animals, 181 (with picture)
with both eyes, 205
signal, electrical, from microphone, 237
singing, 272-273
smoke, 117
snake-dancer (toy), 42 (with picture)
solar house, 32-33 (with picture)
solid, 109, 111, 115, 134
sonar, 37 (with picture)
sonic boom, 251
sound, 240-285 (with pictures)
as energy source, 36-37
change in, 250 (with picture) echo, 252-253 (with picture)
frequency, 248
in radio, 237
in singing and speaking, 272-273 in telephone, 236-237
of musical instruments, 256-270 (with pictures)
of phonograph record, 284-285 (with picture)
stereophonic, 276-277
sound waves, 37, 244-245
and ears, 276-277
and loudness, 242-243
and sonic boom, 251 (with picture)
frequency, 248
project, 255 (with picture)
spaceship
and gravity, 16
spring, clock, 96-97 (with pictures)
stairs, 65
stairs, moving, 94-95 (with picture)
static electricity, 214-215
steam, 111 (with picture)
in teakettle, 136-137
stereophonic sound, 277 (with picture)
stories
Fire Bringer, The, 148-155 (with pictures)
Hunter in the Darkness, 278-283 (with pictures)
stories (continued)
Lamp Number 9, 196-201 (with picture)
Tree House, The, 78-88 (with pictures)
Wind wag on Smith, 46-52 (with pictures)
stringed instrument (music), 257, 260-261, 268 (with pictures)
Strummer, rubber-band (musical instrument), 268 (with picture)
sulfur, 104 (picture) sun, 163
and ultraviolet rays, 190-191 energy from, 24-25, 32-33 (with picture)
light reflection from, 164 (with picture)
sunburn, 190
sun dial, see shadow clock supersonic plane, 251 (with
picture), 293
switch
electrical, 222-223 (with picture) safety (fuse), 232-233 (with
picture)
telephone, 236-237 (with pictures)
and laser, 203
telephone, string project, 246-247
telescope, 178 (with picture) television
and laser, 203
and light, 208-209 (with picture) thermometer
liquid, 128-129 (with picture) solid
project, 130-131
tiger, 181 (with picture)
timpani (musical instrument), 258 (with picture)
toaster, electric, 226 (with picture)
tool, see machine trick
coin, 140-141 (with picture) heat, 138-141 (with pictures) inertia,
3-D pictures, 206 (with picture) water, 141 (with picture) see also
experiments
trombone, bottle
project, 270-271 (with picture)
trombone, slide, 265 trumpet, 264-265 (with picture) tuba,
tungsten
in light bulb, 201, 225 (with picture)
ultrasound, 36-37 (with picture)
ultraviolet rays, 190-191
uranium, 38, 295
vacuum cleaner, 54-55 (with
pictures)
valve (part of musical instrument), 265
vapor, 112 (with picture)
vibration
and sound, 240-241, 248, 275
in ears, 276-277
in musical instruments, 258, 262-
267, 268, 271
in phonograph records, 284-285
in radio, 237
in telephone, 236-237, 246-247
of molecules, 244-245
of vocal cords, 272-273
vinegar, 106 (with picture)
viola, 261
violin, 260-261 (with picture)
violoncello, 261
vocal cords, 272-273
voice, 272-273
wagon, 70-71 (with picture)
waste, radioactive, 295
water, 105, 111
and windmill, 34
energy from, 53 (with picture)
flow of, 141 (with picture)
lens made from, 179 (with picture)
molecules, 106 (picture), 134- 135
sound in, 244-245
trombone using, 270-271 (with
picture)
water sprinkler, 53 (with picture)
Watt, James (inventor), 45
waves
sound, see sound waves
weather
forecasting, 299
wedge, 66 (with picture), 87. 92
wheel
and axle, 70-71, 73, 76-77 (with
pictures), 92-93
gear of, 89-91 (with pictures)
in escalator, 94 (picture)
in windmill, 34
wheelbarrow, 92
whistle
of teakettle, 136-137 (with picture)
whistle (continued)
of train, 250 (with picture)
wind
energy from, 40-41 (with picture)
energy in, 26, 34 (with picture)
story about, 46-52 (with pictures)
windmill, 34-35 (with pictures)
wind-skipper (toy), 40-41 (with picture)
wire
and electricity, 31, 212, 216-217
(with picture), 226, 232
in electromagnet, 229, 230-231 (with picture)
in light bulb, 196-198
wood
as conductor, 158
energy from, 29 (picture), 116-
117 (with picture)
woodwind instrument (music),
257, 262-263, 270 (with
pictures)
Wyss, Johann
Tree House, The, 78-88 (with pictures)
X rays, 209 (with picture) xylophone (musical instrument),
258-259
